Opening name: Closed Game
Opening line: 1. d4 d5
Lichess Board
Wikibooks Page
Winning percentages
White: 75185 (32.71%)
Black: 45846 (19.94%)
Draws: 108856 (47.35%)
Closed Game
1...d5
With 1...d5, Black begins to fight for the center in the traditional fashion, by occupying it with pawns. 1...d5 opens a diagonal for the development of the light-squared black bishop, and it also discourages, though does not definitively prevent, an immediate 2.e4. If White plays e4 immediately, he initiates the Blackmar-Diemer gambit, which is considered dubious against best play.
Most popular responses
2. c4 (Queen's Gambit) Unlike many gambits in King's pawn openings, the Queen's Gambit is not intended to be a true material sacrifice in exchange for a quick attack or rapid development. In fact, even if Black accepts the gambit pawn, he will almost always find it unacceptably difficult to retain it. Lichess Analysis - Wikibooks (229886432 games)
2. Nf3 (Queen's Pawn Opening) A flexible developing move. While this move usually leads to a Queen's Gambit, it is also used to go into a Colle System—a solid line that prepares e2-e4 earlier and can be more aggressive than the usual lines. Lichess Analysis - Wikibooks (123543564 games)
2. Bf4 (Closed Game) Playing Bf4 leads to the London System though can quite easily transpose into other lines. Either 2. Bf4 or 2. Nf3 can lead to the London System, which is characterized by development of White's dark-squared bishop to avoid blocking it in after play e3. Lichess Analysis - Wikibooks (105777367 games)
2. e3 (Closed Game) Lichess Analysis - Wikibooks (68576528 games)
2. Nc3 (Queen's Pawn Game) This move is not played as much, at least on the master level, since the knight blocks the c-pawn from pressuring the center. Black usually responds with 2...Nf6, but a number of other moves are safe. Lichess Analysis - Wikibooks (42370046 games)
2. e4 (Blackmar-Diemer Gambit (BDG)) White offers his e4 pawn in exchange for quick development and open lines. At the professional level this move is considered somewhat suspect, but black must be careful if he chooses to take the pawn as there are many traps in this opening. Lichess Analysis - Wikibooks (23589396 games)
Engine Evaluation
Depth: 50
Score: +0.24
Best Move: c4
PV Line: 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O
Historical games for Closed Game
| Game | Result | Year |
| Aronian, L. (2805) vs Carlsen, M. (2877) | 1/2-1/2 | 2014 |
| Carlsen, M. (2876) vs Nakamura, Hi (2802) | 1/2-1/2 | 2015 |
| Carlsen, M. (2876) vs Topalov, V. (2798) | 0-1 | 2015 |
| Grischuk, A. (2792) vs Carlsen, M. (2881) | 1/2-1/2 | 2014 |
| Ding Liren (2806) vs Carlsen, M. (2864) | 1-0 | 2022 |
| Carlsen, M. (2853) vs Nakamura, Hi (2814) | 1/2-1/2 | 2015 |
| Carlsen, M. (2855) vs Kramnik, Vladimir (2812) | 1-0 | 2016 |
| Carlsen, M. (2881) vs Anand, V. (2785) | 0-1 | 2014 |
| Ding Liren (2805) vs Carlsen, M. (2861) | 1/2-1/2 | 2019 |
| Ding Liren (2805) vs Carlsen, M. (2861) | 1/2-1/2 | 2019 |